Military service has long been associated with danger, but the threats don’t always end when the service does. While veterans are exposed to combat risks, an often-overlooked danger is the hazardous chemicals encountered during their time in uniform. From firefighting foams to toxic fuels, military toxins have left a legacy of health complications for many.
American Journal of Nursing states that more than 4 million veterans had undergone screenings for potential toxic exposures as of August 2023. Approximately 43% of those veterans reported were found to have at least one type of hazardous exposure in their careers. These exposures, including airborne hazards, radiation, and contaminated water, have had serious health effects on veterans and their families. These chemicals linger in the environment and the human body, leading to long-term health consequences that veterans are only beginning to fully understand. In this article, we will explore the various military toxins, their lasting effects, and how veterans can seek help.
The Toxic Legacy of Burn Pits
One of the most infamous sources of chemical exposure in the military has been burn pits. Used to dispose of waste materials, including chemicals, plastics, and human waste, these open-air fires release harmful particulate matter and toxins into the air. Veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, where burn pits were common, have reported higher instances of respiratory diseases, cancers, and other serious illnesses.
Military Times notes that the burn pits were massive, posing serious risks to military personnel nearby in certain areas. At Joint Base Balad, one of Iraq’s largest military bases, the burn pit spanned nearly 10 acres. As the winds shifted, the toxic smoke often swept over the entire base, affecting everyone stationed there.
Studies show that the smoke from these pits contained toxins like dioxins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), known for their carcinogenic and respiratory-damaging effects. The long-term health implications of these exposures are still being investigated, but many veterans are already experiencing severe consequences. This includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and various types of cancer. Burn pits have also been linked to neurological disorders, adding to the complexity of diagnosing and treating affected soldiers.
Are burn pit toxins linked to mental health issues?
While burn pits are commonly associated with respiratory problems and cancers, there’s growing concern about their impact on mental health. Some veterans report neurological disorders and cognitive issues, which could stem from exposure to complex toxins in burn pit smoke. These effects are still being researched but are gaining attention.
Chemical Contaminants in Military Firefighting Foam
NIH mentions that a growing concern within the military regarding chemical exposure centers around PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) found in firefighting foam. AFFF (aqueous film-forming foam) has been used extensively for decades in military fire training and firefighting operations due to its effectiveness. However, PFAS, the key chemicals in AFFF, are highly toxic and persistent in the environment, earning them the nickname “forever chemicals.”
These substances are linked to a wide array of health issues, including liver damage, kidney cancer, and immune system suppression. PFAS exposure is particularly concerning for military personnel working in firefighting or hazardous material handling roles.
Veterans who were exposed to AFFF containing PFAS have the right to file claims with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Over the past few years, there has been an increase in VA claims for exposure to AFFF. Conditions such as cancer, liver disease, and developmental problems have been increasingly associated with PFAS exposure. The VA has recognized the severity of these health risks, and veterans are now being encouraged to submit medical records to support their claims.
According to TorHoerman Law, many veterans and military personnel affected by PFAS exposure from AFFF have turned to legal action against foam manufacturers. Numerous lawsuits have been filed against companies that produced AFFF, alleging that these companies knowingly sold products containing harmful chemicals without disclosing the risks. These lawsuits claim that the manufacturers failed to adequately warn the military about the dangers of PFAS.
How does PFAS affect military personnel outside firefighting?
PFAS exposure isn’t limited to firefighting roles. Military personnel who work near contaminated water sources or in maintenance areas where AFFF was used can also be at risk. This highlights the broad range of duties that could result in harmful chemical exposure during service, even without direct contact with firefighting foam.
Chemical Weapons and Unintended Exposures
The use of chemical weapons, though limited in modern warfare, remains a historical issue that affects the health of military personnel. Beyond mustard gas and nerve agents in World Wars I and II, there were also cases of unintentional exposure to toxic chemicals. For instance, certain training exercises or testing of chemical weapons could expose soldiers to harmful agents. Though many of these chemical weapons are now banned under international law, the risks persist for veterans who were unknowingly exposed to residual chemicals.
BBC highlights that in May 2024, the US accused Russia of using chemical weapons in Ukraine, calling it a clear violation of international law. Officials claim Russia deployed chloropicrin, a choking agent, to gain an advantage on the battlefield. However, the Kremlin dismissed the allegations as “baseless,” insisting it remains committed to the Chemical Weapons Convention, which bans the use of such weapons. The symptoms of exposure can be severe, including neurological and respiratory problems, with some veterans suffering from chronic conditions that linger for decades. The difficulty in diagnosing these long-term effects further complicates efforts to offer comprehensive healthcare for affected veterans.
Can veterans receive compensation for chemical exposure-related disabilities?
Yes, veterans can file claims for chemical exposure-related disabilities through the VA. If a veteran is diagnosed with a condition linked to toxic exposure during service, they may be eligible for compensation. Legal action against manufacturers of harmful chemicals like AFFF also offers additional avenues for veterans seeking justice and financial relief.
The health risks of military toxins are a serious but often overlooked issue. While veterans face well-known dangers in combat, the chemicals they encounter during service have left a lasting impact on many. These toxins contribute to a range of health problems, including respiratory issues and cancer. Diagnosing and treating these conditions can be challenging, but it’s vital for veterans to seek help and advocate for their rights. We can ensure veterans get the care and support they deserve by raising awareness and understanding the toxic legacy of military service.
